目前分類:英文考試 (28)
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- Nov 28 Tue 2017 10:08
英文從屬連接詞,表示「原因、理由」的副詞子句, because; since; as; now that; in that
從屬連接詞 II |
表示「原因、理由」的副詞子句 |
1. because 因為 |
‧I will do it for you because I love you. |
有關 because 子句,有兩點要注意: |
(1)中文裡我們常說「因為……所以」,但是在英文裡,because 和 so 都是連接詞, |
不能同時出現,所以千萬別說 because...so...。 |
以下這句是錯誤的示範: |
‧Because I love you, so I will do it for you. (X) |
(2)because of 與 because 都表示「因為」,但是 because of 是介係詞片語, |
後面要接名詞而非子句。請看以下兩句比較: |
‧You can not stop working because it is raining. |
‧You can not stop working because of rain. |
(你不可因為下雨而停工。) |
2. since 既然 |
since 有兩個意思,一是「自從」,是時間副詞子句,一是「既然」,表示原因。 |
‧Since you are sick, you can stay home. |
(既然你病了,你可以留在家裡。) |
請注意以下的區分: |
since 子句敘述說話者與聽話者共知的理由,常放在句首;because 子句敘述聽話者 |
未知的理由,常放在句尾。請比較以下兩句: |
‧I need a rest because I don't feel well. |
(需要休息,因為我覺得不舒服。) |
‧Since you don't feel well, you may take a rest. |
(既然你覺得不舒服,你可以休息。) |
3. as 因為……所以…… |
‧As she is the only child in the family, she enjoys the full measure of love |
and concern from her parents. |
(因為她是獨生女,所以她享有父母完全的關愛。) |
再提醒一下,此地不可寫成 as...so...,不過,你可以這樣寫: |
‧She is the only child in the family, so she enjoys the full measure of love |
and concern from her parents. |
4. now that ( = since; as) 既然 |
‧Now that you are a big boy, you must behave better. |
(既然你已是個大孩子了,你得多注意自己的行為舉止。) |
5. in that ( = because) 因為 |
這是較文言的說法,常出現在正式的句子裡。 |
‧You must apologize, in that you have made groundless accusations against him. |
(你得道歉,因為你對他做了不實的指控。) |
以上表示「原因、理由」的副詞子句常可以化簡為分詞片語,如下例。 |
‧As there was nothing to do, we went home. |
→ There being nothing to do, we went home. |
‧Since the weather was fine, we went out for a walk. |
→ The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. |
表示「目的」的副詞子句 |
1. that / so that / in order that 為了;以便 |
‧Could you squeeze in so that we can take one more person? |
(可否請你擠一擠以便我們多載一個人?) |
在此,副詞子句的部份可以改成不定詞。 |
‧You can stand up to / so as to / in order to see better. |
(你可以站起來以便看得清楚些。) |
2. lest ( = so that...not) 以免 |
‧Please keep quiet lest we wake up the baby. |
(請安靜,以免吵醒了寶寶。) |
lest 本身即為連接詞,子句內可用 should,意思是「萬一」。 |
3. for fear that 為了怕 |
‧I proofread very slowly for fear that I miss any mistake. |
(我複閱得很慢,怕會遺漏任何錯誤。) |
for fear that 可用 lest 代替。上句還可用 for fear of 這個介系詞片語來代換,如下: |
‧I proofread very slowly for fear of missing any mistake. |
表示「結果」的副詞子句 |
1. so...that 非常 / 很……結果 |
‧I was so tired that I went to sleep without having supper. |
(我累到連晚飯都沒吃就睡覺去。) |
‧He spoke so softly that I couldn't hear him clearly. |
(他說話的聲音很小,我聽不清楚。) |
‧He is so good a chess player that nobody can beat him. |
(他棋下得超棒,沒人能贏他。) |
由這三句可知: |
(1)主要句內的 so 後面可接形容詞 (tired) 或副詞 (softly),亦可接形容詞 + a + |
名詞 (such a good chess player)。 |
(2)so 的中文意思是「很;非常」,在此句型中不可以寫成 very,不少人會弄錯。 |
2. such...that 非常 / 很……結果是 |
‧He is such a good chess player that nobody can beat him so far. |
such...that 與 so...that 用法差別在: |
(1)such 後面接名詞,至於 so 後面接的詞,請看上面 so...that 的句型。 |
(2)such 後面的名詞可省略,比如: |
His anger was such that no one dared (to) speak to him. |
(他如此憤怒,所以沒人敢跟他說話。) |
so 後面的形容詞不可省略,比如: |
He was so angry that no one dared (to) speak to him. |
所以不可以這樣寫: |
his anger was so that no one dared to speak to him. |
另外,so...that 與 such...that 可以分別寫成 so...as to 和 such...as to, |
此點請參考不定詞部份。下面列出兩個例句: |
‧How can you be so stupid as to believe his words? |
(你怎麼會笨到相信他的話?) |
‧His comments were such as to anger everyone at the meeting. |
(他的評論是如此的無禮,觸怒了會議中的每個人。) |
文章來源 LiveABC
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